https://vsass.github.io/Surveys/SOC221_Quiz1/survey.html

Quiz 1

SOC 221 | Summer 2025

Now that you’ve had the opportunity to discuss with a classmate/classmates how you approached each problem (and your answers), let’s go over each question as a class.

Before we work through how to do each problem, submit your most recent answer and corresponding confidence assessment.

Enter your student id below and click next to get started

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PART A: Fill in the blank

Professor Iwannatenure is interested in studying how television exposure affects Americans’ social attitudes. Given limited resources, the good professor will rely on information collected from a sample of American adults to draw her conclusions. She starts by examining the number of hours of TV watched by this group of adults per day, summarizing the distribution in the following frequency table.

# of Hours	f	%	Cf	C%
0	22	10.89	22.00	10.89
2	43	21.29	65.00	32.18
3	66	32.67	131.00	64.85
4	51	25.25	182.00	90.10
5	14	6.93	196.00	97.03
6	4	1.98	200.00	99.01
12	2	0.99	202	100

a. How many individuals are included in the data?

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The class distributions for the answer and associated confidence levels are shown below. Correct answers are shown in orange and your answer/selection is shown via dashed black line.

Professor Iwannatenure is interested in studying how television exposure affects Americans’ social attitudes. Given limited resources, the good professor will rely on information collected from a sample of American adults to draw her conclusions. She starts by examining the number of hours of TV watched by this group of adults per day, summarizing the distribution in the following frequency table.

# of Hours	f	%	Cf	C%
0	22	10.89	22.00	10.89
2	43	21.29	65.00	32.18
3	66	32.67	131.00	64.85
4	51	25.25	182.00	90.10
5	14	6.93	196.00	97.03
6	4	1.98	200.00	99.01
12	2	0.99	202	100

Answer

You can find the total of this sample by looking at the last row of the cumulative frequency column (Cf) or by adding up the entire frequency column (f):

PART A: Fill in the blank

Professor Iwannatenure is interested in studying how television exposure affects Americans’ social attitudes. Given limited resources, the good professor will rely on information collected from a sample of American adults to draw her conclusions. She starts by examining the number of hours of TV watched by this group of adults per day, summarizing the distribution in the following frequency table.

# of Hours	f	%	Cf	C%
0	22	10.89	22.00	10.89
2	43	21.29	65.00	32.18
3	66	32.67	131.00	64.85
4	51	25.25	182.00	90.10
5	14	6.93	196.00	97.03
6	4	1.98	200.00	99.01
12	2	0.99	202	100

b. How many sample members watched 4 hours of TV or less?

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The class distributions for the answer and associated confidence levels are shown below. Correct answers are shown in orange and your answer/selection is shown via dashed black line.

Professor Iwannatenure is interested in studying how television exposure affects Americans’ social attitudes. Given limited resources, the good professor will rely on information collected from a sample of American adults to draw her conclusions. She starts by examining the number of hours of TV watched by this group of adults per day, summarizing the distribution in the following frequency table.

# of Hours	f	%	Cf	C%
0	22	10.89	22.00	10.89
2	43	21.29	65.00	32.18
3	66	32.67	131.00	64.85
4	51	25.25	182.00	90.10
5	14	6.93	196.00	97.03
6	4	1.98	200.00	99.01
12	2	0.99	202	100

Answer

You can find this cumulative frequency by looking at the row of the cumulative frequency column (Cf) associated with 4 hours or less of television or by adding up the frequency column (f) for values 0, 2, 3, and 4:

PART A: Fill in the blank

Professor Iwannatenure is interested in studying how television exposure affects Americans’ social attitudes. Given limited resources, the good professor will rely on information collected from a sample of American adults to draw her conclusions. She starts by examining the number of hours of TV watched by this group of adults per day, summarizing the distribution in the following frequency table.

# of Hours	f	%	Cf	C%
0	22	10.89	22.00	10.89
2	43	21.29	65.00	32.18
3	66	32.67	131.00	64.85
4	51	25.25	182.00	90.10
5	14	6.93	196.00	97.03
6	4	1.98	200.00	99.01
12	2	0.99	202	100

c. What percentage of the sample watched 6 hours of TV or less? (round to the nearest 2 decimal places)

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The class distributions for the answer and associated confidence levels are shown below. Correct answers are shown in orange and your answer/selection is shown via dashed black line.

Professor Iwannatenure is interested in studying how television exposure affects Americans’ social attitudes. Given limited resources, the good professor will rely on information collected from a sample of American adults to draw her conclusions. She starts by examining the number of hours of TV watched by this group of adults per day, summarizing the distribution in the following frequency table.

# of Hours	f	%	Cf	C%
0	22	10.89	22.00	10.89
2	43	21.29	65.00	32.18
3	66	32.67	131.00	64.85
4	51	25.25	182.00	90.10
5	14	6.93	196.00	97.03
6	4	1.98	200.00	99.01
12	2	0.99	202	100

Answer

You can find this cumulative percentage by looking at the row of the cumulative percentage column (C%) associated with 6 hours or less of television or by adding up the % column (%) for values 0, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6:

PART A: Fill in the blank

Professor Iwannatenure is interested in studying how television exposure affects Americans’ social attitudes. Given limited resources, the good professor will rely on information collected from a sample of American adults to draw her conclusions. She starts by examining the number of hours of TV watched by this group of adults per day, summarizing the distribution in the following frequency table.

# of Hours	f	%	Cf	C%
0	22	10.89	22.00	10.89
2	43	21.29	65.00	32.18
3	66	32.67	131.00	64.85
4	51	25.25	182.00	90.10
5	14	6.93	196.00	97.03
6	4	1.98	200.00	99.01
12	2	0.99	202	100

d. What percentage of sample members watched at least four hours of TV? (round to the nearest 2 decimal places)

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The class distributions for the answer and associated confidence levels are shown below. Correct answers are shown in orange and your answer/selection is shown via dashed black line.

Professor Iwannatenure is interested in studying how television exposure affects Americans’ social attitudes. Given limited resources, the good professor will rely on information collected from a sample of American adults to draw her conclusions. She starts by examining the number of hours of TV watched by this group of adults per day, summarizing the distribution in the following frequency table.

# of Hours	f	%	Cf	C%
0	22	10.89	22.00	10.89
2	43	21.29	65.00	32.18
3	66	32.67	131.00	64.85
4	51	25.25	182.00	90.10
5	14	6.93	196.00	97.03
6	4	1.98	200.00	99.01
12	2	0.99	202	100

Answer

You can find this cumulative percentage by adding up the % column (%) for values 4, 5, 6, and 12:

or by subtracting the cumulative percentage column for 3 hours or less from 100%:

PART A: Fill in the blank

Professor Iwannatenure is interested in studying how television exposure affects Americans’ social attitudes. Given limited resources, the good professor will rely on information collected from a sample of American adults to draw her conclusions. She starts by examining the number of hours of TV watched by this group of adults per day, summarizing the distribution in the following frequency table.

# of Hours	f	%	Cf	C%
0	22	10.89	22.00	10.89
2	43	21.29	65.00	32.18
3	66	32.67	131.00	64.85
4	51	25.25	182.00	90.10
5	14	6.93	196.00	97.03
6	4	1.98	200.00	99.01
12	2	0.99	202	100

5. Calculate the following measures of central tendency to describe the number of hours of TV watched.

MEAN:

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MEDIAN:

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MODE:

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The class distributions for the answer and associated confidence levels are shown below. Correct answers are shown in orange and your answer/selection is shown via dashed black line.

Professor Iwannatenure is interested in studying how television exposure affects Americans’ social attitudes. Given limited resources, the good professor will rely on information collected from a sample of American adults to draw her conclusions. She starts by examining the number of hours of TV watched by this group of adults per day, summarizing the distribution in the following frequency table.

# of Hours	f	%	Cf	C%
0	22	10.89	22.00	10.89
2	43	21.29	65.00	32.18
3	66	32.67	131.00	64.85
4	51	25.25	182.00	90.10
5	14	6.93	196.00	97.03
6	4	1.98	200.00	99.01
12	2	0.99	202	100

Answer

Calculate the mean:

We can find the median by looking for which value contains the 50th percentile:

The mode will be the row that contains the largest frequency (f) / percentage (%):

PART A: Fill in the blank

Professor Iwannatenure is interested in studying how television exposure affects Americans’ social attitudes. Given limited resources, the good professor will rely on information collected from a sample of American adults to draw her conclusions. She starts by examining the number of hours of TV watched by this group of adults per day, summarizing the distribution in the following frequency table.

# of Hours	f	%	Cf	C%
0	22	10.89	22.00	10.89
2	43	21.29	65.00	32.18
3	66	32.67	131.00	64.85
4	51	25.25	182.00	90.10
5	14	6.93	196.00	97.03
6	4	1.98	200.00	99.01
12	2	0.99	202	100

f. How would you describe the shape of this distribution? Explain the basis for your answer.

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Professor Iwannatenure is interested in studying how television exposure affects Americans’ social attitudes. Given limited resources, the good professor will rely on information collected from a sample of American adults to draw her conclusions. She starts by examining the number of hours of TV watched by this group of adults per day, summarizing the distribution in the following frequency table.

# of Hours	f	%	Cf	C%
0	22	10.89	22.00	10.89
2	43	21.29	65.00	32.18
3	66	32.67	131.00	64.85
4	51	25.25	182.00	90.10
5	14	6.93	196.00	97.03
6	4	1.98	200.00	99.01
12	2	0.99	202	100

Answer

The distribution appears to be SYMMETRICAL since:

• the mean, median, and mode are all the same
• the frequency distribution shows high level of clustering with few big outliers

PART A: Fill in the blank

Professor Iwannatenure is interested in studying how television exposure affects Americans’ social attitudes. Given limited resources, the good professor will rely on information collected from a sample of American adults to draw her conclusions. She starts by examining the number of hours of TV watched by this group of adults per day, summarizing the distribution in the following frequency table.

# of Hours	f	%	Cf	C%
0	22	10.89	22.00	10.89
2	43	21.29	65.00	32.18
3	66	32.67	131.00	64.85
4	51	25.25	182.00	90.10
5	14	6.93	196.00	97.03
6	4	1.98	200.00	99.01
12	2	0.99	202	100

g. Which measure of central tendency do you think is most appropriate for this distribution and why?

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Professor Iwannatenure is interested in studying how television exposure affects Americans’ social attitudes. Given limited resources, the good professor will rely on information collected from a sample of American adults to draw her conclusions. She starts by examining the number of hours of TV watched by this group of adults per day, summarizing the distribution in the following frequency table.

# of Hours	f	%	Cf	C%
0	22	10.89	22.00	10.89
2	43	21.29	65.00	32.18
3	66	32.67	131.00	64.85
4	51	25.25	182.00	90.10
5	14	6.93	196.00	97.03
6	4	1.98	200.00	99.01
12	2	0.99	202	100

Answer

Since the variable is measured at the interval level, mean is generally preferable given that it considers the most information. [and there is no indication that the use of the mean provides a misleading picture of central tendency].

PART A: Fill in the blank

Professor Iwannatenure is interested in studying how television exposure affects Americans’ social attitudes. Given limited resources, the good professor will rely on information collected from a sample of American adults to draw her conclusions. She starts by examining the number of hours of TV watched by this group of adults per day, summarizing the distribution in the following frequency table.

# of Hours	f	%	Cf	C%
0	22	10.89	22.00	10.89
2	43	21.29	65.00	32.18
3	66	32.67	131.00	64.85
4	51	25.25	182.00	90.10
5	14	6.93	196.00	97.03
6	4	1.98	200.00	99.01
12	2	0.99	202	100

8. Calculate the following measures of variability for the amount of TV watched.

RANGE:

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STANDARD DEVIATION:

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The class distributions for the answer and associated confidence levels are shown below. Correct answers are shown in orange and your answer/selection is shown via dashed black line.

Professor Iwannatenure is interested in studying how television exposure affects Americans’ social attitudes. Given limited resources, the good professor will rely on information collected from a sample of American adults to draw her conclusions. She starts by examining the number of hours of TV watched by this group of adults per day, summarizing the distribution in the following frequency table.

# of Hours	f	%	Cf	C%
0	22	10.89	22.00	10.89
2	43	21.29	65.00	32.18
3	66	32.67	131.00	64.85
4	51	25.25	182.00	90.10
5	14	6.93	196.00	97.03
6	4	1.98	200.00	99.01
12	2	0.99	202	100

Answer

Calculate the range:

Calculate the standard deviation:

PART A: Fill in the blank

1. For the sake of comparison, Professor Iwannatenure compares her data on adults to data from a large sample of children. The descriptive statistics for the number of hours of TV watched by the sample of children look like this:

Using this information and the statistics you calculated above, describe how the adults compare to the children in terms of the amount of TV watched and in terms of the diversity of the amount of TV watched. Refer to the specific numbers you use to reach your conclusions.

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1. For the sake of comparison, Professor Iwannatenure compares her data on adults to data from a large sample of children. The descriptive statistics for the number of hours of TV watched by the sample of children look like this:

Using this information and the statistics you calculated above, describe how the adults compare to the children in terms of the amount of TV watched and in terms of the diversity of the amount of TV watched. Refer to the specific numbers you use to reach your conclusions.

Mean and median (safer to use since children’s distribution seems to be skewed) are higher for children than adults indicating a higher amount of TV watching among children.

The range and standard deviation are both higher for children than for adults indicating more diversity among children.

PART B: Multiple Choice

1. What is the level of measurement for a variable with categories that can be put in order but with no consistent distance between the categories?

Choose an option... nominal ordinal inferential interval continuous

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Below is a joint distribution of the class’ answers and associated confidence levels. Darker colors denote a greater joint frequency. The correct answer is shown in orange and your answer is labeled.

PART B: Multiple Choice

2. A variable indicating the number of pounds of garbage produced by a sample of Americans is…

Choose an option... interval and continuous interval and discrete nominal and discrete ordinal and continuous ordinal and nominal

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Below is a joint distribution of the class’ answers and associated confidence levels. Darker colors denote a greater joint frequency. The correct answer is shown in orange and your answer is labeled.

PART B: Multiple Choice

3. If the occurrence of one event or outcome does not affect the chance the other occurs, the events are considered…

Choose an option... discrete random undefined independent mutually exclusive

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Below is a joint distribution of the class’ answers and associated confidence levels. Darker colors denote a greater joint frequency. The correct answer is shown in orange and your answer is labeled.

PART B: Multiple Choice

4. The median of a distribution is the value at…

Choose an option... the arithmetic average of the distribution the highest score in the distribution the cumulative frequency of 50 the most common score the 50th percentile

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Below is a joint distribution of the class’ answers and associated confidence levels. Darker colors denote a greater joint frequency. The correct answer is shown in orange and your answer is labeled.

PART B: Multiple Choice

5. The cumulative frequency column of a frequency table is inappropriate for variables measured at which of the following levels of measurement.

Choose an option... nominal ordinal inferential interval all of the above

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Below is a joint distribution of the class’ answers and associated confidence levels. Darker colors denote a greater joint frequency. The correct answer is shown in orange and your answer is labeled.

PART B: Multiple Choice

6. Which of the following is the best measure for describing the central tendency of a variable measuring the racial identification of a sample of students.

Choose an option... range standard deviation mode median mean

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Below is a joint distribution of the class’ answers and associated confidence levels. Darker colors denote a greater joint frequency. The correct answer is shown in orange and your answer is labeled.

PART B: Multiple Choice

7. Which of the following is a TRUE statement about random phenomena?

Choose an option... Random is the same as haphazard or unpredictable. Random phenomena are never actually observed in the real world. With a random phenomenon the outcome of any one trial is known before the trial. With a random phenomenon the outcome for one trial depends on previous outcomes. With a random phenomenon there is a predictable pattern to the outcomes over the long run.

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Below is a joint distribution of the class’ answers and associated confidence levels. Darker colors denote a greater joint frequency. The correct answer is shown in orange and your answer is labeled.

PART B: Multiple Choice

8. Which of the following is true about a probability density function (PDF) for a continuous variable?

Choose an option... The total area under the curve equals 1 The height of the curve gives exact probabilities The distribution must be symmetric Values with zero height on the curve have zero probability It can only be used with normally distributed data

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Below is a joint distribution of the class’ answers and associated confidence levels. Darker colors denote a greater joint frequency. The correct answer is shown in orange and your answer is labeled.

PART B: Multiple Choice

9. Inferential statistics are used to…

Choose an option... draw conclusions about a population using information taken from a sample. summarize the distribution of a variable. determine the representativeness of a non-probability sample. find the proportion of cases under various segments of the normal distribution. All of the above.

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Below is a joint distribution of the class’ answers and associated confidence levels. Darker colors denote a greater joint frequency. The correct answer is shown in orange and your answer is labeled.

PART B: Multiple Choice

10. Which of the following measure of central tendency can be misleading if the distribution of the variable is highly skewed?

Choose an option... standard deviation mean median mode range

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Below is a joint distribution of the class’ answers and associated confidence levels. Darker colors denote a greater joint frequency. The correct answer is shown in orange and your answer is labeled.

PART B: Multiple Choice

11. The results of our statistical analysis is likely to be biased if…

Choose an option... a random set of our respondents refuse to answer a particular survey question. we report too many different measures of central tendency or variability. we rely on data from a sample that does not represent the population of interest. we use a survey instead of in-depth interviews to collect our data. All of the above.

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Below is a joint distribution of the class’ answers and associated confidence levels. Darker colors denote a greater joint frequency. The correct answer is shown in orange and your answer is labeled.

PART B: Multiple Choice

12. Standing in front of Kane Hall to find people willing to complete a survey would provide which kind of sample?

Choose an option... stratified random sample simple random sample convenience sample snowball sample merit sample

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Below is a joint distribution of the class’ answers and associated confidence levels. Darker colors denote a greater joint frequency. The correct answer is shown in orange and your answer is labeled.

PART B: Multiple Choice

13. The standard deviation is considered superior to the range for indicating the variability of a set of scores because…

Choose an option... it measures the distance from the mode, median, and mean simultaneously it is not affected by unusually high or unusually low scores in the distribution it takes into consideration the value of every score in the distribution it is appropriate for all levels of measurement all of the above

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Below is a joint distribution of the class’ answers and associated confidence levels. Darker colors denote a greater joint frequency. The correct answer is shown in orange and your answer is labeled.

PART B: Multiple Choice

14. The difference between a single score in a distribution and the mean of the distribution of scores is referred to as the…

Choose an option... standard difference mean difference variance deviation mode

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Below is a joint distribution of the class’ answers and associated confidence levels. Darker colors denote a greater joint frequency. The correct answer is shown in orange and your answer is labeled.

PART B: Multiple Choice

15. Suppose SAT math scores are normally distributed with a mean of 520 and a standard deviation of 100. What score marks the top 10% of the distribution?

Choose an option... 620 650 710 585 470

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Below is a joint distribution of the class’ answers and associated confidence levels. Darker colors denote a greater joint frequency. The correct answer is shown in orange and your answer is labeled.

PART B: Multiple Choice

16. Which of the following is a true statement?

Choose an option... If you flip a fair coin 5 times and the result is 'heads' each time, the likelihood of flipping a 'tails' on the next flip is increased. If you flip a fair coin 10 times, you are sure to get 5 'heads' and 5 'tails.' Over thousands of rolls of a fair 6-sided die, about 1/6 of the roles should result in a '3.' All of these statements are true.

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Below is a joint distribution of the class’ answers and associated confidence levels. Darker colors denote a greater joint frequency. The correct answer is shown in orange and your answer is labeled.

PART B: Multiple Choice

17. What is the probability of flipping “heads” on two consecutive flips of a fair coin?

Choose an option... 1.0 0.75 0.50 0.25 0

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Below is a joint distribution of the class’ answers and associated confidence levels. Darker colors denote a greater joint frequency. The correct answer is shown in orange and your answer is labeled.

PART B: Multiple Choice

18. A researcher finds that the probability a randomly chosen adult uses social media daily is 0.72. What is the probability that in a random sample of two adults, exactly one uses social media daily?

Choose an option... 0.5184 0.4032 0.2016 0.144 0.28

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Below is a joint distribution of the class’ answers and associated confidence levels. Darker colors denote a greater joint frequency. The correct answer is shown in orange and your answer is labeled.

PART B: Multiple Choice

For the last two questions, use the standard normal table or a z-score calculator and consider the following: the distribution of heights for men is normally distributed with a mean of 70 inches and a standard deviation of 4 inches.

19. Based on the information above, what percentage of men are 76 inches or taller?

Choose an option... 93.32% 43.32% 34.13% 15.32% 6.68%

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Below is a joint distribution of the class’ answers and associated confidence levels. Darker colors denote a greater joint frequency. The correct answer is shown in orange and your answer is labeled.

If we plug the numbers we know into the z score calculator we can see that the probability of being 76 inches or taller is:

PART B: Multiple Choice

For the last two questions, use the standard normal table or a z-score calculator and consider the following: the distribution of heights for men is normally distributed with a mean of 70 inches and a standard deviation of 4 inches.

20. What two values of height define the middle 95% of men in the distribution?

Choose an option... 66.00 and 74.00 inches 64.00 and 76.00 inches 63.44 and 76.56 inches 62.16 and 77.84 inches 58.00 and 82.00 inches

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Below is a joint distribution of the class’ answers and associated confidence levels. Darker colors denote a greater joint frequency. The correct answer is shown in orange and your answer is labeled.

We know that a z-score of 1.96 on either side of the standardized normal distribution mean of 0 is going to equal 95% of the distribution. Therefore, we just need to solve our equation for instead of :

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